Hello and welcome to The English Like a Native Podcast. My name is Anna and you're listening to Week 49, Day 2 of your English Five a Day. This is the series that gives you a healthy daily dose of English words and phrases so that you can expand your active and passive vocabulary as well as improving your English listening skills. So without further ado, let's start today's episode. We begin with the noun wear and tear, wear and tear. Three words. Now when you hear it all together in fast-flowing speech, you'll hear wear and tear, wear and tear, wear and tear, wear and tear. So we have wear, W E A R. The R will be vocalised. Normally the R would be silent in wear. But we do vocalise it because the following sound is a vowel sound in and, A N D, and then tear, T E A R. The R in tear will not be pronounced. Wear and tear, wear and tear, wear and tear. Wear and tear is the damage caused by continuous use over a long period of time. So you would expect a certain amount of wear and tear on your joints. If you are a sports player particularly, you might stress your joints more than the average person and then you would expect there to be more trouble, maybe on your knees, if you're a runner, or you do something like squash, which is very bad for the knees, you'll see a lot more wear and tear in that instance. You would expect wear and tear on mechanical items like a washing machine or a car if it's used quite a lot over a certain period of time. It's to be expected. Here's an example sentence,"The wear and tear on the old car became evident after several long road trips, prompting the need for repairs." Okay, next on the list is the adverb wistfully, wistfully. This is a lovely word. We spell it W I S T F U L L Y. Wistfully, wistfully. Wistfully, if you do something wistfully, it means that you do it in a manner or in a way that shows sad longing for something that you desire but you can't have. You're often reflecting on something from the past. So, you might wistfully look at an old photo, or you might wistfully listen to a song that reminds you of an old flame, someone that you loved and lost. You feel a sad longing for them. Okay, here's another example,"Jenny gazed wistfully out of the window, reminiscing about the carefree days of her childhood spent at the beach." Next on the list, we have the verb browse. We've had this before. This time we are thinking of browse in the context of a book or a shop. So to browse B R O W S E. To browse is to look through the pages of a book or magazine without a particular purpose. You're just looking. You would normally browse through a book or a magazine if you're in a waiting room and you're bored, and you've got nothing to do so you see a pile of magazines. And you pick one up and you just flick through, scanning some of the text, but not really looking for anything. You're just trying to kill time. You're trying to amuse yourself, entertain yourself while you wait. Or you might browse in a shop, so you're not looking for anything in particular, you're just looking. Something might catch your eye, of course, while you're browsing. Maybe it's someone's birthday coming up and you know that you need to buy a gift, but you don't know what to buy. So you're just browsing the shops looking for some inspiration. Here's an example, sentence,"My favourite shops are the ones where they let you browse the items in peace." Yes, I have to say I do get quite uncomfortable when I am browsing and I'm approached by the shop assistant saying,"Can I help you with something?""No, no, I'm fine. Thank you. I'm just looking." And then they keep watching you and they keep offering advice and information about the products that you're looking at. Oh, I find that quite overbearing. Next on the list is the verb craft, craft. C R A F T, craft. You'll notice I use a long/ɑː/ vowel there, craft. To craft something is to make something using a special skill, especially with your hands. So here's an example sentence,"These unique objects were crafted by locals using materials only found in this region." So, maybe you work with clay, and you make these beautiful little trinket boxes, these tiny little chests out of clay and they're quite unique and you craft them using a special technique that only you know beautiful. Or maybe you make jewellery, and you craft the most beautiful bracelets. Next on the list is the phrasal verb wind up, wind up. This is a separable phrasal verb, so you can put something in between wind and up. So you wind something up. And we spell this wind, W I N D. Up, U P. To wind something up is to make something, especially a car window in an older type of car, move up by turning a handle. Or you could turn a part of a machine around several times in order to make it move or to start working. So, when I was a young girl, the cars always had these manual windows that you had to wind up or wind down manually. So, you had to turn the handle. It usually would take quite a few turns to get the windows up or the windows down. These days most cars have electric windows, so you just simply press a button, and the window goes up and you press a button for the windows to go down. It's much simpler but I do miss the old wind-up windows. I felt like I had more control back in those days. These days you're relying on the electric's working. If anything goes wrong, then you have no power. So I actually, I don't like the electric window so much, to be honest. Anyway, there are other things that you can wind up. You might make a little homemade helicopter using a few sticks and a rubber band, and you would have to wind the rubber band, wind it up until it's all tight and twisted and then let it go. So it can move up into the air. What fun! What other things can you think of that you have to wind up? Here's another example,"I have an old-fashioned wristwatch that I have to wind up several times a day." Okay, that's our five. So let's do a quick recap. We started with the noun wear and tear. The damage that's caused by continuous use over time. Then we had the adverb, wistfully, which means to do something in a way that shows a sad longing for something that you desire but cannot have. Then we had the verb browse, which is to look through the pages of a book or to look at goods in a shop without any particular purpose. Then we had the verb craft, craft, which is to make something using a special skill, especially with your hands. And we finally had the phrasal verb to wind something up, which is to make something move up by turning a handle or by turning a part of a machine around several times. So let's now do this for pronunciation purposes. Please repeat after me. Wear and tear. Wear and tear. Wistfully. Wistfully. Browse. Browse. Craft. Craft. Wind up. Wind up. Very good. Now if I look out of the window in a really sad way, like I'm longing for someone, what adverb could you use to describe the way in which I'm looking? Wistfully. Yes, very good. And if I make a beautiful little origami crane using some old pieces of paper, what verb could you use to replace the verb make? I crafted this crane from some scraps of paper. Yes! And if I get into my old car and I have to turn a handle in order to make the window move, what phrasal verb could I use? I have to wind up the window. Yes, brilliant. And this old car has been going for a long time and there's quite a bit of damage that has been caused by using it continuously for a long period. What noun could I use to describe this damage? Wear and tear. Very good. Okay, so final question. If I am wandering through the shops, just looking around, I'm not really there with any particular purpose, what am I doing? I am browsing. Yes, to browse. Very good. Okay, listen out for these items once again in today's storytime. Samantha loved to travel. And she also loved old, unusual objects. On a trip to Italy ten years ago, she found a beautiful music box in a small shop. The shop owner said he had crafted it himself. Samantha fell in love with its delicate design and bought it immediately. For years, the music box sat on Samantha's bedside table. She would wind it up every night, listening to its soft melody as she fell asleep. But over time, wear and tear took its toll. The music became less dear, and one day, it stopped working altogether. Samantha looked at the silent music box wistfully. She remembered her wonderful trip to Italy, the narrow streets, the smell of fresh bread, and the kind shopkeeper. She knew she would probably never find another music box like this one. One Saturday, Samantha decided to browse some second-hand shops in her town. She wasn't looking for anything in particular, just enjoying the mix of old and interesting items. In the third shop, something caught her eye. On a dusty shelf, there was a small box that looked familiar. Samantha's heart began to beat faster, she picked it up. It was a music box, very similar to her broken one at home! She stared at it, turning it over in her hands. The design was almost identical, it was the same intricate patterns she loved so much. Samantha wound it up, holding her breath. The sweet melody filled the air the same tune as her old music box. Samantha couldn't believe her luck. She bought the music box right away, excited to take it home. As she left, she thought about how sometimes, lost treasures can be found again in the most unexpected places. That night, Samantha fell asleep to the familiar melody, dreaming of Italy and the new adventures to come. And that brings us to the end of today's episode. I do hope you found it useful. And until next time, take very good care and goodbye.